By Jeremy Pincus, Ph.D. and Amit Ghosh
A Brief History Of Positioning
In earliest advertising, the goal of communicating to the consumer was to convey factual ideas about a product or service to promote its unique features and benefits. The logic of this traditional strategy was well expressed in Rosser Reeves’ (1961) famous unique selling proposition (e.g., “melts in your mouth, not in your hand”).
But this approach only works well when something factual about one’s product is truly new and unique. As more and more products entered into the market to make purely factual distinctiveness less and less obtainable, Ries and Trout (1972) developed the concept of “Positioning”, arguing that marketing should stake a unique position in the minds of consumers. The focus of communication under positioning theory became a psychological one, with an emphasis not just on reality, but on perception of reality.

FLASH FORWARD:
Over 80 percent of new product launches in the last five years consisted of “new and improved” brand extensions, and the majority of these failed.
Success in today’s marketplace requires positioning skills of Olympian proportion.